Glossario CyberArk

Access Certification facilitates the review of a user’s access privileges and requires a third-party to certify that the access should continue to be granted for a designated period of time.

Access discovery provides administrators with a clear picture of who has access to what applications, resources or privileges across the organization.

Access management solutions are used by businesses to authenticate, authorize and audit access to on-premises and cloud-based applications and IT systems.

Active Directory (AD) is Microsoft’s directory and identity management service for Windows domain networks. AD is used for user authentication and authorization by a variety of Microsoft solutions like Exchange Server and SharePoint Server, as well as third-party applications and services.

Adaptive MFA is a method for using contextual information and business rules to determine which authentication factors to apply to a particular user in a particular situation. Businesses use Adaptive Authentication to balance security requirements with the user experience.

An app gateway is an enterprise security solution that lets users access traditional web applications hosted in corporate data centers using the same logon credentials and methods they use to access mobile apps and cloud services.

Authentication and Authorization solutions positively validate a user’s identify and grant permission to access applications and IT systems once verified.

Bots automate and supplement human workflows helping organizations improve business agility, reduce costs and risks, and free up staff for higher value tasks.

A CI/CD pipeline is a collection of tools used by developers and test engineers throughout the continuous software development, delivery and deployment lifecycle.

Cloud identity and access management (IAM) permissions let IT and security organizations control access to the resources in their cloud environments.

Cloud identity security is the practice of implementing identity security controls to secure human and machine identities in hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Cloud migration and digital transformation have become commonplace for many modern enterprises

Sometimes referred to as Cloud Entitlements Management solutions or Cloud Permissions Management solutions, CIEM solutions apply the Principle of Least Privilege access to cloud infrastructure and services, helping organizations defend against data breaches, malicious attacks and other risks posed by excessive cloud permissions.

CIAM solutions control access to public websites and digital properties, making it easy for customers to sign up and log on to online applications and services.

Businesses purchase cyber insurance (also known as cybersecurity insurance) to mitigate financial loss due to cyber attacks and data breaches.

Sicurezza sul cloud significa proteggere l'integrità delle applicazioni, dei dati e dell'infrastruttura virtuale che risiedono sul cloud.  Il termine si applica a tutti i modelli d'implementazione del cloud (cloud pubblico, cloud privato, cloud ibrido, multi-cloud) e a tutti i tipi di servizi e di soluzioni on-demand che risiedono sul cloud (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS).

Data sovereignty is the ability of enterprises to safeguard and have full control over the personally identifiable information (PII) of any citizen or permanent resident of the country in which it operates.

A defense-in-depth strategy, aka a security-in-depth strategy, refers to a cybersecurity approach that uses multiple layers of security for holistic protection.

Digital transformation refers to the process of integrating digital technology into various aspects of an organization to fundamentally change how it operates and delivers value to its customers or stakeholders.

A directory service is a common data repository for maintaining information about network users and resources as part of their Identity Security strategy.

DevOps è un termine utilizzato per descrivere un insieme di pratiche, strumenti e filosofie culturali che riuniscono lo sviluppo software (Dev) e le operazioni IT (Ops) per accrescere le capacità di un'organizzazione di proporre applicazioni e servizi ad alta velocità. L'approccio DevOps presenta nuovi rischi e cambiamenti culturali, in grado di generare sfide per la sicurezza tali da non poter essere affrontate dalle soluzioni e dalle pratiche convenzionali.

Una violazione dei dati è un incidente di sicurezza durante il quale un malintenzionato interno o un aggressore esterno ottiene l'accesso non autorizzato a dati riservati o informazioni sensibili, come cartelle cliniche, informazioni finanziarie o informazioni personali identificabili (PII). La violazione dei dati è uno dei tipi di incidente di sicurezza informatica più comune e costoso.

An enterprise browser is a dedicated, corporate web browser designed to give enterprises enhanced security and control over how the browser functions while ensuring a seamless browsing experience for employees

La sicurezza presso l'endpoint è la pratica di proteggere le reti aziendali dalle minacce provenienti dai dispositivi on-premise o remoti. Un endpoint è qualsiasi dispositivo che fornisca un punto d'ingresso verso gli asset e le applicazioni aziendali, e rappresenta una potenziale vulnerabilità per la sicurezza informatica.

Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) is a United States government-wide program that standardizes the security assessment, authorization and continuous monitoring of cloud products and services.

Healthcare cybersecurity protects organizations from cyber attacks and ensures availability of medical services, integrity of patient data, and compliance.

Identity and Access Management (IAM) solutions enable administration of user identities and control of access to enterprise resources. IAM solutions ensure the right individuals have access to the right IT resources, for the right reasons, at the right time.

Identity as a Service (IDaaS) is an Identity and Access Management solution delivered in the form of a cloud-based service hosted and managed by a trusted third party. An IDaaS offering combines all the functions and benefits of an enterprise-class IAM solution with all the economic and operational advantages of a cloud-based service.

Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) solutions efficiently manage digital identities and access rights across diverse systems and are used by corporate information security, risk management, compliance teams and IT organizations.

Identity lifecycle management refers to the process of managing the user identities and evolving access privileges of employees and contractors throughout their tenure—from day one through separation.

Learn everything you need to know identity orchestration and how it automates identity management workflows without writing custom codes or scripts.

Identity Security is a comprehensive solution for securing all identities– human or machine – throughout the cycle of accessing critical assets.

Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR) is a security discipline consisting of cyber threat intelligence, behavior analysis, tools and structured processes to enhance identity infrastructure security and accelerate the remediation of identity-centric attacks.

L'utilizzo della metodologia di accesso Just-in-Time (JIT) consente alle organizzazioni di elevare il livello degli utenti umani o no in tempo reale, per garantire l'accesso privilegiato elevato e granulare a un'applicazione o a un sistema che debba eseguire un'attività necessaria. Gli analisti della cyber-sicurezza raccomandano l'accesso JIT come metodo per garantire la sicurezza degli accessi privilegiati riducendo i diritti di accesso permanenti.

Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is a popular open-source container orchestration platform designed for cloud portability across hybrid and multi-cloud infrastructure. 

Il principio del privilegio minimo (PoLP) si riferisce a un concetto di sicurezza delle informazioni in base al quale a un utente vengono concessi i livelli - o permessi - minimi di accesso dei quali ha bisogno per svolgere le proprie mansioni. Il principio del privilegio minimo è ampiamente ritenuto una buona pratica per la sicurezza informatica ed è un passo fondamentale per proteggere gli accessi privilegiati a dati e risorse di massima criticità.

Il malware è un nome collettivo utilizzato per descrivere qualsiasi tipo di software nocivo progettato per danneggiare computer, server, client o reti e infrastrutture informatiche senza che gli utenti se ne accorgano. I cyber-criminali creano, utilizzano e vendono malware per molte ragioni diverse, ma quella più frequente è trafugare informazioni personali, finanziarie o aziendali.

Mitre Att&ck is an open framework for implementing cybersecurity detection and response programs that includes a global knowledge base of adversarial TTPs.

Multi-cloud leverages two or more cloud services from more than one cloud provider. In the enterprise, multi-cloud typically refers to running enterprise applications on platform-as-a-service (PaaS) or infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) from multiple cloud service providers, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), IBM cloud and Microsoft Azure.

Multi-Factor Authentication is a method for using contextual information and business rules to determine which authentication factors to apply to a particular user in a particular situation. Businesses use MFA to balance security requirements with the user experience.

The NIS2 (Network and Information Security) Directive is a regulatory framework established by the European Union(EU) to enhance the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure and digital service providers.

Operational Technology (OT) cybersecurity is a key component of protecting the uptime, security and safety of industrial environments and critical infrastructure.

L'acronimo PAM si riferisce alla gestione degli accessi privilegiati, ovvero a una strategia complessiva per la sicurezza informatica che include persone, processi e tecnologie e implica il controllo, il monitoraggio, la protezione e la verifica di tutte le identità privilegiate, umane o non umane, presenti complessivamente in un ambiente IT aziendale. Le organizzazioni implementano strategie di gestione degli accessi privilegiati per proteggersi da minacce come il furto delle credenziali o l'utilizzo illegittimo dei privilegi.

Passwordless Authentication is an authentication method that allows a user to gain access to an application or IT system without entering a password or answering security questions.

A phishing attack is a social engineering tactic commonly used to steal confidential data or deliver ransomware or some other form of malware.

Il ransomware è un tipo di malware progettato per estorcere denaro alle vittime. Una volta attivato, il ransomware impedisce agli utenti di accedere ai propri file, programmi o sistemi finché non viene pagato un riscatto, solitamente in valuta non tracciabile come i Bitcoin.

Remote access security solutions authenticate users who are accessing business applications and IT systems from outside the private enterprise network.

Remote work security safely extends business applications and services to teleworkers and nomadic users without impairing user experience or satisfaction.

L'automazione robotizzata dei processi (RPA - Robotic Process Automation) è una tecnologia di automazione che aiuta le organizzazioni ad automatizzare parzialmente o completamente le attività standardizzate. I robot software per l'automazione robotizzata dei processi, o "bot", possono imitare le azioni degli umani per eseguire alcune mansioni.

La gestione dei segreti consente alle organizzazioni di applicare con coerenza le policy di sicurezza alle identità non umane. La gestione dei segreti assicura che solo le entità autenticate e autorizzate possano accedere alle risorse disponibili su piattaforme, stack di tool e ambienti cloud.

Il software come servizio, in inglese Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), è un modello di licensing e distribuzione software col quale un provider di servizi ospita le applicazioni e le rende disponibili ai clienti su internet. Detto anche "software on-demand", "software ospitato" o "software basato sul web", il SaaS è uno dei tre principali componenti del cloud computing, vale a dire uno degli elementi fondativi della trasformazione digitale.

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) provides a standard way for businesses and application providers to share user authentication and authorization data and federate identity management functionality.

A security framework (also known as a cybersecurity framework) is a collection of well-documented standards, policies, procedures and best practices intended to strengthen an organization’s security posture and reduce risk.

Security Operations (SecOps) is the practice of combining internal information security and IT operations practices to improve collaboration and reduce risks.

Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication method that lets users access multiple applications and services using a single set of login credentials. SSO can help businesses improve user satisfaction and productivity, strengthen access security, and reduce IT operations expense and complexity.

SOC 2 (Service Organization Control Type 2) is a cybersecurity compliance framework developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) that helps manage customer data within the cloud.

Social engineering is a manipulation technique aimed at tricking individuals into revealing sensitive information

Synthetic identity refers to a counterfeit identity formed by combining a mix of genuine and false information, blurring the line between physical and digital characteristics that identify a human being.

Temporary elevated access management (TEAM) access methodology helps organizations elevate privileges for human and non-human users in real time to provide granular access to an application or system in order to perform a necessary task.

Third-party access is the process of granting external vendors and service providers secure access to IT assets for maintenance, administration and management.

User behavior analytics use AI and machine learning to analyze large datasets to identify security breaches, data exfiltration and other malicious activities.

A virtual directory is an Identity and Access Management architectural component that gives identity consumers a consolidated and unified view of identity management information stored in multiple disparate data repositories.

Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) is a security principle that advocates for the removal of persistent access privileges for users within an enterprise network, the next logical progression from just-in-time access.

Zero Trust è un modello strategico di sicurezza informatica sviluppato per proteggere l'ambiente digitale dell'impresa moderna. Zero Trust è basato sulla convinzione che nulla, sia interno che esterno al perimetro di rete di un'organizzazione, debba essere ritenuto automaticamente affidabile. I modelli Zero Trust richiedono che chiunque e qualsiasi cosa stia cercando di collegarsi al sistema di un'organizzazione debba essere verificato prima di poter accedere.